PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck twice late to take a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.